Liquid-fuel burner



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Feb. 21, 1928.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES M. STROUD, F MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO LESLIE H. FAWKES, OFMINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application 1aed prix 5, 1552s. senin No. 9:5956.

This infvention relates to improvement-s in liquid fue'l burners, and is an improvement over the form of burner shown inmy pending application, Serial #45,302, filed July 22, 1925. l

An object of the invention is to provide a liquid fuel burner comprising a vaporizingrv chamber having anv air expansion .chamber conununicatingr therewith which has a co'nnectiou with a source of air supply under pressure; and means being provided Within the expansion chamber to direct a portion of the air outwardly against the vertical Walls of the expansion and vaporizing chambers to prevent the formation of carbon deposits thereon7 and to insure more uniform triluuion of the air therein. v

further object of the invention is to provide a burner having a fuel discharge spout mounted in the 4expansion chamber and having its discharge end llared outwardly to provide .a relatively 'large surface over which the liquid fuel oil delivered thereto will flow in a coinparatively thin sheet or film, thereby causing the fuel to hecome partially vaporized before reaching the vaporizing chamlier, caused by the heated condition of the discharge spout whenl the burne-r is functioning.

A further object is to provide such a burner having the iutalv'c end of the air supply pipe positioned adjacent thc furnace door7 whereby theair will he preheated before being delivered to the expansion chamber, and Ine-ans also being provided for regulating the flow of air to the burner.

A further object is to providev a liquid fuel-burning apparatus which can be assembled and mounted upon a furnace door as a unit, to swing therewith` and such apparatus including the fuel vaporizing and air mixing means. the necessary valve mechanism to control the operation ol' the burner, and the motive power for supplyingr air thereto under pre sure.

A furl her object is to provide. an oil burner of the ahove. mentioned type having means at its outer end for connecting it with a fixed supporting means 'whereby7 when the furnace door is opened. a portion of the weight of the burner will he carried by Such supporting means7 thereby relieving the furnace door of unnecessary strains.

Ulher ohiects of they invention will appear from the following description and the accompanying drawings'and will be pointed out in the annexed claims.

Inthe accompanying drawings, there has been disclosed a structure designed to carry out thevarious objects of the invent-ion,v but it is to be understood that, the invention is not confined to the exact features shown, as various chauves may be made Within the scope of the caims which fol'low.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved burner mounted in a furnace door;

Figure 2 is a detail sectional view-on the line 2-2 of Figure 3;

Figure 3 is a sectional plan view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure"4 is a detail sectional view on the line 4 4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a front view of the burner unit; and

Figure 6' is a diagrammatic view illustrating the means supporting the outer portion of the burner to relieve the furnace door of unnecessary strains.

The novel burner featured in this invention is similar to the one shown in the above mentioned application, and comprises a vaporizing chamber 7 having an outlet 0r nozzle 8 adapted to direct the ignited fuel mixture downwardly into the combustion chamber 9 of the furnace 1 0, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. One vertical wall of this chamber 7 is formed by a depending baffle plate, transversely dividing the burner casing into said vaporizing chamber and into an air expansion and mixing chamber 21 later to be more fully described. The baille may he considered as forming one wall of each chamber. The discharge nozzle or snout 8 is preferably substantially semi-circular in form as shown in Figure 3, and its top wall 8" is curved as shown, so that when the ignited fuel mixture is (.lischarged from the vaporizing chamber all uuvaporized particles of fuel oil will impinge against this wall and will instantly become vaporized as a result of the wall being heated to an exceedingly high temperature when the burner is functioning. The vaporizing chamber is preferably rectangular in form as shown. 'l`he shape ot' the outlet or flame orifice, and its disposition transversely entirely across the casing, acts to provide a continuous sheet of flame, over the whole area of discharge. It will also be noted by reference to the drawings that the outer edge of the flame outlet is disposed slightl above the upper edge of the outer wall oftlieV casing. The curv-configuration of th'e top wall 8a also prevents carbon deposit.

The lower portion 9 of `the vaporizing chamber is relatively smaller than the main or central portion of the chamber, and is provided with a flat bottom 11 upon which an asbestos wicking 12 is disposed as shown in Figure 2`. This' wicking is preferably rope-like in form and is placed in the bottom of the vaporizing chamber in the inanner shown in .Fi re 3to provide aseries of o nings 13 ldtween the coils thereof, there y exposing a considerable area of the inner surface of the bottom 11 which, in

actual practice, has been found to render the burner more efficient as a result of the added effective vaporizing surface of the vaporizing chamber.

An opening 14 is provided in the upper wall of the vaporizing chamber 7 and has a cover plate 15 mounted therein to provide a closure therefor. A baille plate 16 having a series of spaced openings 17 there` in, is secured to the cover plate 15 and depends to forni one wall of chambers 7 and 21, as shown in Figure 2. This baille plate extends substantially, ,from end to end of the vaporizinflr chamber as shown in Figure 3, so as to direct the air and fuel downwardly into-the bottom of the vaporizing chamber. The baille plate 16 is also preferabl offset longitudinally of the vaporizing c amber as shown in Figure 2 to provide a greater area von the furnace side of the baille plate, whereby the admixture of air and fuel oil will be thorough and complete before bein discharged into the combustion chamber o the furnace. A small peep-hole 18, having a closure 19, is rovided in the cover plate 15 through which the functioning of the burner may be observed.

A feature of this invention resides in the provision of an air expansion chamber 21 provided at the air-receiving side of the vaporizing chamber, as shown in Fi res 2 and 3. Chambers 7 and 21, as before stated, are formed by transversely dividing the casing 29 by the depending baille 16, the arrangement being such that the chambers intercommunicate beneath the baille. This expansion chamber is preferably of a length equal to `that of the vaporizing chamber as shown in Figure 3, and has a connection with an air supply pipe 22 connecting it with a'blower 23 operative y connected to a small motor 24 mounted upon a bracket 25 secured to the blower casing. (See Figures 3 and 5.) The walls defining'the expansion chamber 21, are preferablyarranged in rectangular formation, and are adapted to be inserted through an opening 26 provided in the furnace door 27 as shown in Figure 1. A flange 28 is provided upon the up er wall of the expansion chamber to provi e means for securing the casing 29 to the furnace door. The discharge end of the air pipe 22 is flared outwardly as shown in Figure 3, and is adapted to receivethe end of the casing 29 which is suitably secured thereto by such means as Vscrews 3l. (See Figures'2 and 3.)

Another. feature of the invention resides in the means provided within the expansion chamber 21 for deflecting the air currents outwardly towards or a ainst the endwalls of the expansion' cham er and vaporizing chamber. Such means preferably consists of a triangularly shaped discharge spout 32 having a connection with a fuel feed pipe 33, shown in Figure 2. The side walls 34 of the spout 32 are divergin ly arranged as shown in Figure 3 and exten upwardly substantially to the median line of the expansion chamber. These diver ing walls 34 are arranged in the path of tlie inrushing air currents and function to direct a portion of the airoutwardly against the side Walls of the expansion chamber as above stated. A vertical post or spreader 35 is provided upon the spout 32 and extends upwardly substantially to the upper wall of the expansion chamber as shown in Figure 2. This post functions to divide the air currents, thereby causing the air to impinge against the entire length of the baille late 16 with almost uniform pressure. The baille p ost 53, as well as the spout 32, form eddies, which act to spread and mix. The delivery end of the oil tube isl adjacent the baie post, whereby a portion of the `oil is picked up and spread in sheet form as it travels toward the lip or discharge end of the spout. Moreover, as a result of havin the intake end of the air pipe flared, the air reaches the vertical sides of the casing by spreading, and deposit of carbon is prevented.

The bottom of the spout 32 is preferably curved as shown in Figure 2, and as a result of the walls 34 thereof being flared outwardly as shown in Figure 1, the fuel oil discharged into the spout 32 from the pipe 33 will flow over the eX anded surface thereof.

in a thin film, and will thereby become partially vaporized before being discharged into the vaporizing chamber 7 as a result of the heated condition of the discharge spout when .the burner is functionin An overflow pi e 36, having a trap 37 t erein, connects t e' in Figures 1 and. 5. The feed pipe 33 has its other end connected with a valve mechanism 39`hav1n-g flexible connections 41 connecting shown The valve mechanism 39 has a con it with asuitable control device (not iin nection with a source of fuel supply through a flexible pipe connection 42, shown in Figure 5.

A ard plate, shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, is emountably secured to the upper pore tion of the curved wall 44 of the vaporizing chamber 7 as shown in Figure 4. The upper marginal edge 45 of this plate is slightly olset and adapted to engage the wall 44 to space the guard plate therefrom as shown. Lugs or bosses 46 are provided upon the back face of the plate 43 adapted to engage the wall 44 so as to retain the plate 43 iii spaced relation thereto. This guard plate 43, as will be noted by reference to Figure 4, covers the receiving end of the discharge pipe 36 and thus prevents the air currents or flame as well as carbon deposit, from entering the ipe. In case of ignition failure, the unurned fuel oil will accumulate in the bottom of the vaporizing chamber, aud, as it rises therein, will enter the space between the guard plate 43 and the wall 44 until it flows into the pipe 36 and into the drip bucket 38, thereby causing the safety valve mechanism to function to automatically interrupt the suppl of fuel oil to the burner.

A eature of the invention also resides in the arrangement of the air intake means to the blower casing 23. As shown in Figure 1, an air intake pipe 47 has its upper end flanged whereby it may be secured to the housing of the blower 23 as shown in Fig ures 1, 2 and 3. This intake pipe preferably extends downwardly from the blower housing and then inwardly towards the furnace door on a line practically below the level of the air supply pipe 22 conducting the air from the blower to the expansion chamber 21. The intake end of the pipe 47 is positioned adjacent the furnace door 27, and is s aced .therefrom a distance sufficient to provide ample clearance for the circulation of air into the pipe 47 and into the blower as indicated by the arrow in Figure 1. By thus positionin the receiving end of the intake pipe 47 a )acent the heated furnace door 27, the sup ly of air to the burner will be preheated Eefore being delivered to the expansion chamber, thereby increasing the efliciency of the burner. A butterfly valve 48 is preferably interposed in the inclined portion of the intake pipe 47 to regulate the flow of air therethrough. A series of apertures 49 are provided in the upper portion of the intake pipe 47 through which additional air may be drawn into the blower from the atmosphere. The wick chamber provides vertical Walls, as shoulders, to prevent displacement, or ridin out f the Wick, the submerged pocket eing provided for this reason. The guard 43 positively prevents carbon from reaching the overflow pipe 36, but is saced to permit an unobstructed overflow of e oil.

The openings 49 are provided to prevent rattling of the device as a whole when the damper is entirely closed, and the openings are preferably made small to preyent accidental introduction of the fingers It will be -noted that the baille plate 16 does not extend e tirely across the casing, see Figure 3, and th t the saine is perforated. This arrangement has been found to prevent the formation` of eddies at the forward side of the baille, and thus to prevent carbon deposit both upon the baille and upon the top of the casing in the combustion chamber.

Means are also provided for supporting the outer end of the burner unit to relieve the furnace door of unnecessary strains. Such means preferably consists of providing an eye 51 upon the upper portion of the blower casing 23, and securing thereto one end of a spring 52 having its other end connected by means of a flexible connection 53 to a fixed supporting member such as the usual joists or ceiling 54 of the building. (See Figure 6.) By thus supporting the outer portion of the burner unit, the furnace door 27 may be opened and closed without being subjected to unnecessary strains as a result of the burner being mounted thereon.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a furnace having a swingin door, of a liquid fuel-burning apparatus a apted to be mounted in said furnace doorvas a unit, to swing therewith, said fuel-burning apparatus comprising a vaporizing chamber, an expansion chamber, means for delivering liquid fuel to said chambers, a blower and motor-for supplying air to the burner, a valve mechanism for controllin the operation of the apparat-us, and a flexi le and yieldable supporting means connecting the projecting portion of said burner unit with a fixed member for supporting a portion of the weight of said burner when the furnace dooris opened, thereby relieving said door of unnecessary strains.

2. A device of the class described having, a: casing havin a depending baille plate transversel dividing the same into, a. vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-communicating beneath the baille an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls of the easing for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side walls, said vaporizin chamber having a transversel and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, and means for delivering oil vertically to the air expansion and mixing chamber substantially centrally of the flared portion of the air intake pipe. c

3. A device of the class described having IIU la casing liavi a depending baille plato transversely dividing the same into, a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-coniinunicating beneath the baille, an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air laterallyv toward and along the side walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the. cliamber, and means for delivering oil vertically upwardly to the air expansion and mixing chamber.

4. A device of the cla=s described having a easing havin a dependingy baffle plate transversely divi ing the sanie into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, iiiter-coimnuni` eating beneath the baille, an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed down- Wardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, and means for delivering oil vertically up- Wardly to the air expansion and mixing Chamber substantially centrally thereof, and adjacent its bottom wall.

5. A device of the class described having a casing having a depending perforated baflle plate transversely dividing the same into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-communicating beneath the baffle, an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent toward the vertical Side Walls of'the casing for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side Walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, and means for delivering'oil vertically to the air expansion and mixing chamber substantially centrally thereof.

6. A device of the class described having a casing having a depending baffle plate transversely dividing the same into a vaporizing and flame discharge chamber and an air expansion and mixing chamber, intercommunicatin beneath the baflle, an air intake pipe having its deliveryv end flared in- Wardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side Walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, and means for delivering oil to the air expansion and mixing chamber, said means comprising a receptacle arranged Within the mixing chamber, and an oil pipe arranged to flow oil upon the receptacle.

7. A device of the class described having a easing having a depending baille plate transversely dividing the saine into a vaporizing and llame discharge chamber and an air expansion and mixing chamber, intercommunicating beneath the baille, an air in take pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls ol the casting for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side. Walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the" end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber` and means for delivering oil to the air expansion and mixing chamber, said means comprising a receptacle arranged within the mixing chamber, and an oil pipe arranged to flow oil upon the receptacle, said receptacle constructed and arranged to spread the oil laterally, and toward the baille.

8. A device of the class described having a casing having a .depending baille, plate transversely dividin the saine into a vaporizing and flame t ischarge chamber and an air expansion and mixing chamber, intercommunicating beneath the baffle, an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared in- Wardly and divergent toward the vertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air laterally toward and along the side walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, and means for delivering oil to the air expansion and mixing chamber, said means comprising a receptacle arranged Within the mixing chamber, and an oil pipe leading upwardly through the casing and arranged to flow' oil upon the receptacle, said receptacle arran ed and constructed to spread the oil lateral y across the baille and to direct the oil downwardly at a point adjacent the baffle.

9. In a device of the, class described in combination a furnace having. a door` a casing traversing the door horizontally and having an end projecting through the door, a depending baille plate transversely dividing the easing into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-coiniiiunicating beneath the baille, :in air intake pipe connected with the outwardly projecting portion of the mixing chamber, said pipe having a delivery terminal divergent toward and connected to the side walls of the easing, for spread ing the air laterally toward and along said walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof and extending entirely across the chamber transversely, means for delivering oil to the air expansion chamber, ablowerincludinfr a casing having a delivery-connection with the air pipe, and an oil reservoir having its delivery side connected with the oil delivery means, and having a return pipe communicating interiori of the casing at a point below themiiring e amber.

10. In a device of the class described in combination a, furnace having a door a casing traversing the door horizontally and having an end projecting through the door, a depending baille plate transversely dividing the casing into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-communicating beneath the baille, an air intake pipe connected with the outwardly projecting portion of the mixing chamber said pipe having a delivery end divergent toward and connected to the sidewalls of the easing for spreading the air laterally toward and along said walls, said vaporizing `chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof and extending entirely across the chamber transversely, means for delivering oil vertically to the air expansion chamber, a blower connected for delivering through the air pipe, and an oil reservoir havin its delivery side connected with the oil delivery means, and having a return pipe communicating interiorly of the casino at a point below the mixing chamber, and 2liaiile.

11. In adevice of the class described, in combination, a furnace having adoor a casing traversing the door horizontally and having an end projecting through the door, a depending baiile plate transversely dividing -the casing into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-communicating beneath the baille, an air intake pipe connected with the outwardly projecting portion of the mixing chamber said pipe having a delivery end divergent toward and lconnected to the side walls of the-easing for spreading \the air laterally toward and along said walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading from the end thereof andextendng entirely across the chamber transversely, means for delivering oil vertically to the air expansion chamber substantially centrally thereof, a4

blower connected for delivering through the air pipe, and an oil reservoir having its delivery side connected with the oil delivery means, and having a return pipe communieating interiorly of the casing at a point below the mixing chamber, and baille, the

reservoir and blowei` being supported upon the door.

12. A liquid fuel burner comprising av horizontally elongated casing having a depending baille arranged transversely there- .of and dividing the casing into a vaporizing a feed pipe delivering upwardly into the ex- Y pansion chamber substantially at the transverse middle thereofl and immediately adjacent the delivery end of the air intake pipe, a shallow receptacle within and upon which the oil is flowed and through which said feed pipe extends, said receptacle having raised sides ilared to direct a portion of the oil current laterally toward the vertical side walls of the expansion chamber to spread the same across the baille, and further having a vertical post substantially in its apex, said vaporzing chamber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly.

13. A liquid fuel burner comprising a horizontally elongated casing having a depending baille transversely thereof dividing the casing into a vaporizing and discharge chamber, and an air expansion mixing chamber, intercommunicating beneath the baille, the lower and side edges of the baffle being spaced from the corresponding Walls of the casing, an air intake having a. delivery end divergent toward and connected to the vertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air outwardly and directing it along the vertical side walls of the casing, a feed pipe delivering upwardly into the expansion chamber substantially at the transverse middle thereof, an open top receptacle arranged .to receive the oil to flow it in direction of the baille, said receptacle shaped to allow and direct a lateral spread of the oil generally in a direct-ion toward the vertical side walls of the expansion chamber, and across the baille, said vaporizing chainber having a transversely and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly.

14. A device of the class described having a casing having a depending,r baille plate transversely dividing the same into, a vaporizing and discharge chainber and an air expansion and mixing chamber, inter-communicating beneatlitl-ie baille. an ali` intake pipe having its delivery end ilaredinivardlv and divergent toward the vcrtlcal side vvalls of the casing for spreading the air latex-all)v toward and along the sider walls, said vaporizing chamber having a transverselyv and vertically curved discharge spout directed downwardly and leading fromthe end thereof, and extending entirely across the chamber, means for delivering oil within the air expansion vand mixing chamber.'

l5. A furnace having a door, a liquid fuel burner including a casing traversing the door, a blower supported by the casing and including a fan, said blower having its delivery end connecting to deliver within the casing, and further having an intake conduit with its intake end positioned adjacent the furnace said intake conduit having a damper an having openingsbetween the damper and the.- fan.

16. A furnace having a horizontally swingable door, a liquid fuel burner apparatus supported on the door to deliver within the furnace, and arranged t0 permit the door to'be swung open, and a suspending element connecting by lopposite ends respectively with the apparatus at the outer side of the door and with a fixed support above the apparatus, a 'portion of the suspending element being yieldable in a lengthwise direction. v

In witness whereof, I `have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of March 1926.

CHARLES M. STROUD. 

